Hello 2026

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Duration (Seconds)
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2183 Hello 2026 FINISHED False 10800 8609123 Jan. 7, 2026, 2:35 p.m.

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( 2480 ) D2 Tree Coloring (Hard Version) PROGRAMMING constructive algorithms data structures dfs and similar greedy implementation trees

This is the Hard version of the problem. The difference between the versions is that in this version, you must find the minimum number of operations and find a way to color the tree using that many operations. You can hack only if you solved all versions of this problem. You are given a rooted tree(^{\text{∗}}) consisting of (n) vertices numbered from (1) to (n), where the root has index (1), and each vertex is initially white. Define (d_i) as the distance from the root to the (i)-th vertex. You can perform the following operations any number of times: Select a subset (S) of white vertices such that no two nodes in (S) are connected by an edge, or have the same distance to node (1). Formally, (S) should satisfy for all (x,y\in S) and (x\neq y), (d_x\neq d_y), and there are no edges between (x) and (y). Color the vertices in (S) black. Your job is to find the minimum number of operations required to color the full tree black and find a way to perform the operations . (^{\text{∗}})A tree is a connected graph without cycles. A rooted tree is a tree where one vertex is special and called the root. Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases (t) ((1 \le t \le 10^4)). The description of the test cases follows. The first line of each test case contains a single integer (n) ((2\le n\le 2\cdot 10^5)) – the number of vertices in the tree. The (i)-th following (n-1) lines contain two integers (u_i) and (v_i) ((1\le u_i,v_i\le n), (u_i\neq v_i)) — the ends of the (i)-th edge. It is guaranteed that the given edges form a tree. It is guaranteed that the sum of (n) over all test cases doesn't exceed (2\cdot10^5). For each test case: Output your number of operations (k) on the first line ((1 \leq k \leq n)). Then, output (k) lines. Each line should begin with an integer (m) representing the

Tutorials

Submissions

Submission Id
Author(s)
Index
Submitted
Verdict
Language
Test Set
Tests Passed
Time taken (ms)
Memory Consumed (bytes)
Tags
Rating
356855095 AnatolyTolstobrov D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:02 p.m. OK C# 10 TESTS 30 468 83251200
356854453 suryatej_69 D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5 p.m. OK C# 10 TESTS 30 609 65843200
356898038 MinhKien D2 Jan. 8, 2026, 3:52 a.m. OK C++17 (GCC 7-32) TESTS 30 250 23859200
356856572 CrossFire1 D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:06 p.m. OK C++17 (GCC 7-32) TESTS 30 265 6451200
356863010 beckhamwee46 D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:26 p.m. OK C++17 (GCC 7-32) TESTS 30 265 13516800
356863256 JATINBHATIA D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:26 p.m. OK C++17 (GCC 7-32) TESTS 30 265 15462400
356860538 omar_faruk_fahim D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:18 p.m. OK C++17 (GCC 7-32) TESTS 30 265 16281600
356861698 imarn D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:22 p.m. OK C++17 (GCC 7-32) TESTS 30 265 20480000
356861102 klusha31 D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:20 p.m. OK C++17 (GCC 7-32) TESTS 30 281 15564800
356849976 govind51n9h D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 4:47 p.m. OK C++17 (GCC 7-32) TESTS 30 281 15564800
356858111 darsh_sodani007 D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:11 p.m. OK C++17 (GCC 7-32) TESTS 30 281 15667200
356850120 Muhammad-Saim D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 4:48 p.m. OK C++17 (GCC 7-32) TESTS 30 281 15872000
356862524 1234567st D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:24 p.m. OK C++20 (GCC 13-64) TESTS 30 218 49868800
356865452 mady9613 D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:32 p.m. OK C++20 (GCC 13-64) TESTS 30 250 20275200
356856235 Godelian D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:05 p.m. OK C++20 (GCC 13-64) TESTS 30 250 20992000
356861432 Eskoqrutz D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:21 p.m. OK C++20 (GCC 13-64) TESTS 30 250 24371200
356889785 lhy123 D2 Jan. 8, 2026, 1:03 a.m. OK C++20 (GCC 13-64) TESTS 30 250 28774400
356865757 Hosen_ba D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:33 p.m. OK C++20 (GCC 13-64) TESTS 30 250 41676800
356890618 cdx123456 D2 Jan. 8, 2026, 1:32 a.m. OK C++20 (GCC 13-64) TESTS 30 250 50380800
356857372 rogachkovdenis D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:09 p.m. OK C++20 (GCC 13-64) TESTS 30 250 54169600
356887260 mhmusanna D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 11:27 p.m. OK C++20 (GCC 13-64) TESTS 30 250 56320000
356886846 El_Farag D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 11:11 p.m. OK C++20 (GCC 13-64) TESTS 30 250 58163200
356893471 csp1025 D2 Jan. 8, 2026, 2:37 a.m. OK C++23 (GCC 14-64, msys2) TESTS 30 203 49664000
356881110 rgnerdplayer D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 8:45 p.m. OK C++23 (GCC 14-64, msys2) TESTS 30 218 45772800
356887341 scorpion D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 11:31 p.m. OK C++23 (GCC 14-64, msys2) TESTS 30 234 22016000
356862615 ibhushani D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:24 p.m. OK C++23 (GCC 14-64, msys2) TESTS 30 250 19148800
356879151 astroanonymous D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 8:15 p.m. OK C++23 (GCC 14-64, msys2) TESTS 30 250 19558400
356882814 FzArK D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 9:16 p.m. OK C++23 (GCC 14-64, msys2) TESTS 30 250 19660800
356857072 vignesh_1324 D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:08 p.m. OK C++23 (GCC 14-64, msys2) TESTS 30 250 20070400
356850776 ashwini_doesnt_code D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 4:50 p.m. OK C++23 (GCC 14-64, msys2) TESTS 30 250 22835200
356890406 MEDAAA D2 Jan. 8, 2026, 1:25 a.m. OK C++23 (GCC 14-64, msys2) TESTS 30 250 26009600
356906138 NigthMare21 D2 Jan. 8, 2026, 5:39 a.m. OK C++23 (GCC 14-64, msys2) TESTS 30 250 29184000
356866077 Gassa D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:34 p.m. OK D TESTS 30 1031 92979200
356858897 pengin_2000 D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:13 p.m. OK GNU C11 TESTS 30 781 17612800
356878413 beatinghu D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 8:04 p.m. OK Java 21 TESTS 30 281 7884800
356863605 jitendrakumaryadav2003 D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:27 p.m. OK Java 21 TESTS 30 906 71168000
356850763 wenbozh D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 4:50 p.m. OK Java 21 TESTS 30 921 49459200
356907663 xmjlove D2 Jan. 8, 2026, 5:57 a.m. OK Java 21 TESTS 30 921 101785600
356851285 Hastorius D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 4:51 p.m. OK Java 21 TESTS 30 1000 100147200
356862561 ryuk_baba D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:24 p.m. OK Java 21 TESTS 30 1078 67276800
356857204 etian6795 D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:08 p.m. OK Java 21 TESTS 30 1109 60723200
356857205 tohoshinki254 D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:08 p.m. OK Java 8 TESTS 30 937 74035200
356875755 ibraheemkureshi D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 7:29 p.m. OK PyPy 3-64 TESTS 30 656 77619200
356851896 k1tty- D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 4:53 p.m. OK PyPy 3-64 TESTS 30 687 75468800
356859827 flakepym D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:16 p.m. OK PyPy 3-64 TESTS 30 687 88780800
356851826 sieun0228 D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 4:53 p.m. OK PyPy 3-64 TESTS 30 687 89804800
356859559 ericshen19555 D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:15 p.m. OK PyPy 3-64 TESTS 30 687 91443200
356852785 a_cedia D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 4:55 p.m. OK PyPy 3-64 TESTS 30 703 94105600
356854991 HumbleRobo D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:02 p.m. OK PyPy 3-64 TESTS 30 765 99942400
356851932 MohamedAdel_2025 D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 4:53 p.m. OK PyPy 3-64 TESTS 30 765 127692800
356874017 OAY71011 D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 7:13 p.m. OK PyPy 3-64 TESTS 30 796 121241600
356855196 gdstw D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:02 p.m. OK PyPy 3-64 TESTS 30 859 82022400
356864553 Master-Yug D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:30 p.m. OK Python 3 TESTS 30 1031 128000000
356861552 noir123 D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:21 p.m. OK Python 3 TESTS 30 1140 71577600
356859328 HariSriramula D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:14 p.m. OK Python 3 TESTS 30 1171 133836800
356852264 tej1997 D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 4:54 p.m. OK Python 3 TESTS 30 1296 137318400
356853283 zilinj D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 4:57 p.m. OK Ruby 3 TESTS 30 750 96768000
356857689 despair D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:09 p.m. OK Rust 2024 TESTS 30 218 48947200
356854426 Ze_nith D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5 p.m. OK Rust 2024 TESTS 30 234 45465600
356857431 darkkcyan D2 Jan. 7, 2026, 5:09 p.m. OK Rust 2024 TESTS 30 265 55500800

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