B'Amr bought a new video game "Guess Your Way Out!". The goal of the game is to find an exit from the maze that looks like a perfect binary tree of height h. The player is initially standing at the root of the tree and the exit from the tree is located at some leaf node. Let 's index all the leaf nodes from the left to the right from 1 to 2h. The exit is located at some node n where 1 xe2 x80 x89 xe2 x89 xa4 xe2 x80 x89n xe2 x80 x89 xe2 x89 xa4 xe2 x80 x892h, the player doesn 't know where the exit is so he has to guess his way out! Amr follows simple algorithm to choose the path. Let 's consider infinite command string "LRLRLRLRL..." (consisting of alternating characters 'L ' and 'R '). Amr sequentially executes the characters of the string using following rules: Now Amr wonders, if he follows this algorithm, how many nodes he is going to visit before reaching the exit? Input consists of two integers h, xe2 x80 x89n (1 xe2 x80 x89 xe2 x89 xa4 xe2 x80 x89h xe2 x80 x89 xe2 x89 xa4 xe2 x80 x8950, 1 xe2 x80 x89 xe2 x89 xa4 xe2 x80 x89n xe2 x80 x89 xe2 x89 xa4 xe2 x80 x892h). Output a single integer representing the number of nodes (excluding the exit node) Amr is going to visit before reaching the exit by following this algorithm. A perfect binary tree of height h is a binary tree consisting of h xe2 x80 x89+ xe2 x80 x891 levels. Level 0 consists of a single node called root, level h consists of 2h nodes called leaves. Each node that is not a leaf has exactly two children, left and right one. Following picture illustrates the sample test number 3. Nodes are labeled according to the order of visit. '...